Explanation:

In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number r such that r² = x, or, in other words, a number r whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or r × r) is x. For example, 4 is a square root of 16 because 4² = 16. (Our solved example in mathguru.com uses this concept)

Every non-negative real number x has a unique non-negative square root, called the principal square root, denoted by a radical sign as. For positive x, the principal square root can also be written in exponent notation, as x^1/2. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, denoted, because 3² = 3 × 3 = 9 and 3 is non-negative. Although the principal square root of a positive number is only one of its two square roots, the designation "the square root" is often used to refer to the principal square root.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

In number theory, the prime factors of a positive integer are the prime numbers that divide that integer exactly, without leaving a remainder. The process of finding these numbers is called integer factorization, or prime factorization.

To shorten prime factorization, numbers are often expressed in powers, so

(Our solved example in mathguru.com uses this concept)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_factor

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